FORMAL EDUCATION

 Formal education sources in India

            Formal education in India is primarily delivered through schools, colleges, and universities, which follow a structured curriculum and assessment system. These institutions are categorised as formal education sources, distinct from informal and non-formal learning environments. The formal education system in India is structured and regulated by various government bodies and educational boards. 

Here's a breakdown of the key sources:

Government bodies

Ministry of Education, Government of India:

The Ministry of Education (MoE) is a crucial part of the Government of India, tasked with the implementation of the National Policy on Education. This is the primary governing body for education in India, responsible for policies and programs across all levels.

University Grants Commission (UGC):

The UGC is a statutory body that provides recognition and financial assistance to universities and colleges in India, ensuring quality and standards in higher education.The University Grants Commission (UGC) is a statutory body in India, established by an Act of Parliament in 1956. It operates under the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India.

All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE):

This body regulates technical education in India, including engineering, architecture, pharmacy, and management courses. It approves technical institutions, sets curriculum guidelines, and promotes research and innovation.

National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT):

 NCERT is an autonomous organization that advises the central and state governments on education policies and programs, particularly for school education. It develops textbooks, curriculum frameworks like the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2023, and training materials for teachers.

National Curriculum Framework (NCF):

 The NCF, developed by NCERT, serves as a guideline for schools, educators, and policymakers to develop and deliver quality education. The latest framework, NCF 2023, emphasizes a holistic, competency-based, and flexible approach to learning, with a focus on skill development and cultural values.

School education boards

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE):

CBSE is a national-level board that affiliates government and private schools in India and some schools abroad. It prescribes the curriculum (based largely on NCERT guidelines), conducts examinations for Class X and XII, and grants certificates.

Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE):

 CISCE is a non-governmental board that conducts the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) for Class X and the Indian School Certificate (ISC) for Class XII. CISCE focuses on a comprehensive, application-based curriculum with a strong emphasis on English and a wide range of subject choices.

State Boards of Education:

Each state in India has its own education board responsible for regulating school education within the state.

Institutions

Schools: These provide formal education from pre-primary to higher secondary levels, following the curriculum set by the affiliated board (CBSE, CISCE, or state boards).

Colleges: These offer undergraduate and postgraduate programs in various disciplines after the completion of higher secondary education.

Universities: Universities are the highest level of formal education, offering a wide range of undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs. They are generally recognized by the UGC.

Vocational Institutions: These institutions provide vocational education and training in various fields like engineering, information technology, and hospitality. Many are approved by AICTE.

National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS): NIOS offers education through open and distance learning modes, providing flexibility for students who cannot attend traditional schools.

            In essence, formal education in India is a multi-layered system with various government bodies and boards establishing regulations and frameworks, which are then implemented by affiliated institutions across the country.